What fetal movements occur in a breech normal mechanism of labour?

Breech presentation can be categorized on the basis of the attitude or flexion of the hip and knee joints. If there is flexion at the hip and extension at the knees, the fetus is a frank breech. If there is flexion at both the hip and knee joints, the fetus is a full or complete breech.

What is 1st stage of labour?

1st stage of labour. During the 1st stage of labour, contractions make your cervix gradually open (dilate). This is usually the longest stage of labour. At the start of labour, your cervix starts to soften so it can open.

What are the 7 cardinal movements?

Anglo-American literature lists 7 cardinal movements, namely engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, and expulsion.

What happens during the third stage of labor?

The third stage of labor is the time from the delivery of the infant until delivery of the maternal placenta. 1 The natural course of this final stage of childbirth involves cessation of umbilical cord pulsation, separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, and passage of the placenta through the birth canal.

How are Photobase generators used in Polymer Science?

Recent progress in photochemical generation of organic bases and its applications to polymer science and technologies are reviewed. Although photobase generators (PBGs) have been desired as a novel photolatent catalyst, fewer examples are known compared to photoradical and photoacid generators.

Which is the best catalyst for Photobase generators?

Although photobase generators (PBGs) have been desired as a novel photolatent catalyst, fewer examples are known compared to photoradical and photoacid generators. In this decade, several PBGs such as carbamates, O -acyloximes, and ammonium salts have been improved in thermal stability, solubility, multi-functionality, and photo-sensitivity.

Which is a protected group in Photobase generators?

Photolabile carbamates are one of the protected amines and are widely used as photochemical precursors of primary and secondary amines. Many kinds of protecting groups have been proposed, especially, for the liberation of amino acids in biochemical applications.

How is photo induced reaction used in industrial field?

Therefore, photo-induced reaction is applied to a variety of industrial fields. In the field of polymer chemistry, photochemically generated active species can be used in polymer synthesis, polymer degradation, and changes in physical properties of polymers.