What is a PMT detector?
The photomultiplier is an extremely sensitive light detector providing a current output proportional to light intensity. Photomultipliers are used to measure any process which directly or indirectly emits light. PMT is a well established technology.
How do dynodes work?
A dynode is an electrode in a vacuum tube that serves as an electron multiplier through secondary emission. Secondary emission occurs at the surface of each dynode. Such an arrangement is able to amplify the tiny current emitted by the photocathode, typically by a factor of one million.
What is transit time spread?
transit time spread (fluctuations in the transit time) was simply the standard deviation of 100 transit time values. Measurements were performed on one PMT about 50 times to estimate the statistical uncertainty. …
What is Bialkali?
Bialkali (antimony-rubidium-caesium Sb-Rb-Cs, antimony-potassium-caesium Sb-K-Cs). Spectral response range similar to the Sb-Cs photocathode, but with higher sensitivity and lower dark current than Sb-Cs. The multialkali photocathode has a wide spectral response from the ultraviolet to near infrared region.
How does PMT work?
A photomultiplier tube, useful for light detection of very weak signals, is a photoemissive device in which the absorption of a photon results in the emission of an electron. These detectors work by amplifying the electrons generated by a photocathode exposed to a photon flux.
What are the components of PMT?
Components of Photomultiplier Tube
- Photocathode. Right after a thin entry window, is a photocathode, which is made of material in which the valence electrons are weakly bound and have a high cross section for converting photons to electrons via the photoelectric effect.
- Dynodes.
What is a high energy Dynode?
High energy dynodes (HED) are now commonly used to enhance the sensitivity of ion detectors by increasing the impact energy of input ions, which increases the number of emitted secondary particles. In quadrupole systems, HED’s are usually designed to collect only low energy ions.
How does an electron multiplier work?
An electron multiplier is a vacuum-tube structure that multiplies incident charges. If an electric potential is applied between this metal plate and yet another, the emitted electrons will accelerate to the next metal plate and induce secondary emission of still more electrons.
What is dark current in PMT?
In physics and in electronic engineering, dark current is the relatively small electric current that flows through photosensitive devices such as a photomultiplier tube, photodiode, or charge-coupled device even when no photons are entering the device; it consists of the charges generated in the detector when no …
In which photo detector is cathode used?
The photomultiplier (PMT) is a commonly used, sensitive detector where photons striking the photocathode cause the ejection of an electron if the photon energy can overcome the work function of the material used in fabricating the photocathode.
What is Phototube detector?
A phototube or photoelectric cell is a type of gas-filled or vacuum tube that is sensitive to light. The photomultiplier tube is one of the most sensitive light detectors, and is still widely used in physics research.
What are the components of a PMT module?
PMT modules are comprised of a photomultiplier tube to convert light into electrical signals, a high-voltage power supply circuit, and a voltage divider circuit to distribute the optimum voltage to each dynode. All components are assembled into a single compact case.
How are photomultiplier tubes used in PMT modules?
Photomultiplier tube modules. PMT modules are comprised of a photomultiplier tube to convert light into electrical signals, a high-voltage power supply circuit, and a voltage divider circuit to distribute the optimum voltage to each dynode. All components are assembled into a single compact case.
What kind of applications can PMTs be used for?
PMTs suitable for applications that require high speed, low noise, and high gain. Our PMTs include bare tubes, assemblies, and modules offering a wide selection of photosensitive areas and spectral responses.
Is the EMI 9757b photomultiplier a working tube?
EMI 9757B Photomultiplier Tube PMT W/ Mag Shield Removed From Working Equipment! NOS M12FS52A CARL ZEISS JENA Vintage Photomultiplier Tube + Socket NEW IN BOX.