Does maleimide react with amine?

Maleimide reaction chemistry In more alkaline conditions (pH >8.5), the reaction favors primary amines and also increases the rate of hydrolysis of the maleimide group to a non-reactive maleamic acid.

What is maleimide chemistry?

Maleimide is a chemical compound with the formula H2C2(CO)2NH (see diagram). This unsaturated imide is an important building block in organic synthesis. The name is a contraction of maleic acid and imide, the -C(O)NHC(O)- functional group.

How do you synthesize maleimide?

Several methods of maleimide synthesis were reported in literature (Scheme 1). The classical approach involves condensation of an appropriately substituted amine and maleic anhydride, followed by dehydration of the intermediate maleamic acid, usually promoted by acids [7].

Which amino acid contains a sulfhydryl group?

Cysteine
Cysteine is a free amino acid containing a sulfhydryl group, which can be induced or incorporated on the Ab away from its antigen recognition site so that it can be used by sulfhydryl cross-linkers for immobilizing Ab on various substrates [14,55].

What is sulfhydryl structure?

A sulfhydryl is a functional group consisting of a sulfur bonded to a hydrogen atom. Thiols have great affinity for soft metals. Sulfhydryls play an important role in biochemistry, as disulfide bonds connect necessary amino acids together for functional purpose in secondary, tertiary, or quaternary proteins structures.

What is the difference between thiol and sulfhydryl?

A thiol is a compound which contains an SH functional group. The -SH group itself is called a mercapto group. A disulfide is a compound containing an -S-S- linkage. (Organic) sulfides have the structure R-S-R′, and are therefore the sulfur analogues of ethers.

How does EDC NHS work?

EDC, in conjunction with NHS allows, for 2-step coupling of two proteins without affecting the carboxyls of the second protein. First, EDC activates carboxyl groups and forms an amine reactive O-acylisourea intermediate that spontaneously reacts with primary amines to form an amide bond and an isourea by-product.

Is the thiol-maleimide reaction a click chemistry reaction?

Figure 1: The reaction between a free thiol and a maleimide produces a thiosuccinimide product. The process is a type of “click chemistry” reaction. Is the Thiol-Maleimide Reaction a Click Chemistry Reaction? The short answer to this question is, “Yes, the thiol-maleimide reaction is a type of click chemistry reaction.”

How does maleimide labeling of protein thiols work?

Protocol: Maleimide Labeling of Protein Thiols. Dyes functionalized with a maleimide group can react with thiol groups to form thioether-coupled products. The reaction can take place at neutral pH, and is not affected by the presence of amines. At neutral pH, the maleimide group does not react with histidine or arginine.

Can a maleimide reaction take place at a neutral pH?

Dyes functionalized with a maleimide group can react with thiol groups to form thioether-coupled products. The reaction can take place at neutral pH, and is not affected by the presence of amines. At neutral pH, the maleimide group does not react with histidine or arginine.

When does the maleimide group react with sulfhydryl groups?

The maleimide group reacts specifically with sulfhydryl groups when the pH of the reaction mixture is between 6.5 and 7.5; the result is formation of a stable thioether linkage that is not reversible (i.e., the bond cannot be cleaved with reducing agents).