A system for remotely measuring the distribution of air space charge in real time is developed. The system consists of a loudspeaker and an electric field antenna. By propagating a burst of directional sound wave from the speaker, a modulation in the pace charge and, therefore, an electric field change at ground is produced. The distribution of the space charge density is derived from the E-field change which can be measured by the Efield antenna. The developed system has been confirmed by both laboratory and field experiments.

Reprinted with Permission from www.mdpi.org